ZEOLITES

In 1756 Dutch scientist mineralogist A. Krinshtend discovered mineral Zeolit in clean sort. Mineral stilbit is distended by warming upon the fire. Krinshtend called this mineral zeolit. In Grees it means "Boiling stone".

American scientist investigator F. Mamptone in his newest work called the mineral "Magic stones".

Zeolites are group of minerals with shines of glass and miracle, it contains water, characterized as absorbtioning and exuding of water. Zeolites have Hidroalum  silicates sarcastic crystal construction, with lines and chanels, also cations and water molecules. Cations and water molecular characterized by action.

Nearly two centuries there was going researches and discovering of these minerals. Till the end of 60^th years zeolite minerals were discovered only in Basalts, Andezits and in other Vulcan rocks, because of their few number, they haven't been used in practice.

All the types of interesting characters of these minerals were searched about crystals. In 1858 have been received  the facts of types number about natural zeolites Cation changeability or splash change of one Cation to mineral structure with other Cations.

Very important feature was found in the last century zeolite Crystals rehidration (loosing of water), without running feature of great absorption   towards different organ joins.

From all the famous Adsorbents, zeolits are the most Hydrofoils or first of all they absorb water steam selectically (or adsorbing).   

In 1925 there was found one more feature absorb molecules of definite substance but not adsorbine's  other substance molecules, which depend on the geometrical configuration molecules. This discover made the way to English scientists Mak Bens to establish new terminology in Chemistry: "molecular sieve", which are analogy of sieves used in everyday life.

Discovering of interesting features of Zeolites, Сation changeability and adsorption which are  confluented with molecular  structural effects caused great interest in the scientist of technical developed countries.

Natural zeolites of industrial layer are in: USA, Japan, Russia, Bulgaria, Hungary, New Zealand and etс.

There is great assortment of dear raw materials in Georgia, which has such zeolites as: "Klinoptiloliti, Heilandit,  morgenit, analtsimi, Limontiti, Alipsiti.

Georgian geologists began natural zeolite layers work in last century's 30-40 years by the head of  Academic A. Tvalchrelidze and was continued by Proffesor E. Gvakharia, Academyc G. Dzotsenidze and Academic N. Skirtladze.

Klinoptilolite Heilandite groups are discovered in  the district of Dzegvi-Tedzmi, mordelite groups � in Bolnisi, Analsiumi � near Kutaisi, Limontitis rock � near Tbilisi.

There are taking an intensive works in this sphere of asking and  searching zeolits in the Institute of physical and organic chemistry of Georgian scientist Academy by the name K. Melikishvili from 1960 till today, by the head of Academy.

G. Tsitsishvili and Academic T. Andronikashvili.

Chemical composition of Zeolits

Zeolites chemical formula is:

Mxln [Alx SiyO₂ (x + y)p] H₂O

M � is one or two valentine Сation. In natural condition they usually are: Natrium, Kalium (potassium), Calcium, Magnesium and Seldom Lithium, Barium and Strontium,

n � is Cation charge.

Zeolites different from clayed in the process of Ion changeability don't squeeze  and warp.

Using of natural Zeolites

They are used: for drying of gas and liquid system and cleaning of  gas systems. For example: In the USA there is sweeping processing factory, after which they get gas. Just the natural zeolites are the best way to clean industrial gas and etc.

Natural zeolites are used in great number in the agricultural. After many tempts was proved that: In has great influence on growing crop, growing Biochemical index, decrease nitrates and etc.

Have the zeolites future or not? The famous American scientist P. Mamptone said: Zeolite product of civilization of XXI century." There are great number of problems which can be solved begin by the way of zeolites to create artificial ground on the moon (USA). Finishing to make new effective action drugs. Yes it's zeolites future to Georgian philosopher opinion: They often stay the subject in themselvers".